ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Intranasal administration of
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global research trends and hotspots of exosome-mediated drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier: a bibliometric study from 2015 to 2025.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Ganoderic Acid A Ameliorates Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy in Mice via Activating KCNQ2.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Microglial Deubiquitinase OTUD7B Stabilizes STAT3 to Promote Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Disease mechanisms and translational barriers guide nanocarrier design for nose to brain delivery in Alzheimer's disease.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Environmental Regulation, Molecular Profiling, and Preliminary Functional Evaluation of Extracellular Vesicles fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exosomes in Alzheimer's disease: neuroinflammation mitigation via immune modulation and inflammatory pathway targeting.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Vesicle-like Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: From Drug Delivery to Combined Immunotherapy.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Dosing of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in traditional Chinese medicine: current status, root causes, and standardization pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Plant-Derived Nanovesicles for Ischemic Stroke Therapy via the Gut Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A New Paradigm of Systemic Regulation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Analysis of the Correlation Between Depression-like Behaviors and Lipid Peroxidation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Mice: The Impact of Early Life Stress.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Designing intranasal formulations for Alzheimer's disease: A material-based perspective.Tzu chi medical journalReview
- Brain-Targeting siRNA Delivery to Tackle Alzheimer's Disease.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia in late life, with amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and neuroinflammation are recognized among its primary pathological features. Currently, there is currently still a lack of effective therapeutic drugs for AD. Methods: We extracted GLENVs by the differential ultracentrifugation method and identified the components by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The 5×FAD mice underwent a 3-month intranasal administration of GLENVs and their behavioral and pathological changes were evaluated. Results: GLENVs were successfully extracted and identified to contain multiple ganoderic acids; intranasal administration allowed GLENVs to penetrate the blood-brain barrier to exert their effects directly. The 3-month GLENVs treatment effectively ameliorated the impairment in the memory and learning of the 5×FAD mice. The GLENVs treatment also reduced Aβ deposition in the cortex and hippocampus of 5×FAD mice, overactivated microglia, reactive astrocytes, and pro-inflammatory factors, and inhibited the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Moreover, GLENVs exerted no adverse effects on liver and kidney function. Conclusion: GLENVs may be a promising candidate for AD treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.