ArticleVeterinary world2025
Cost-effective medium optimization and functional enhancement of
Article in Veterinary world, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Comparative Study on Biological Characteristics and Functions of Three Porcine-Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aim: Industrial-scale probiotic production requires economically viable media formulations that do not compromise strain functionality. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective medium for cultivating Materials and Methods: Carbon (glucose, sucrose, and dextrose) and nitrogen (yeast extract, soy protein isolate, and whey protein concentrate) sources were screened using one-variable-at-a-time and Plackett-Burman design, followed by Response Surface Methodology for optimization. Fermentation was scaled from a flask to 50 L fermenters at 37 °C and pH 6.50 ± 0.05. Cell viability, pH, and residual sugar were monitored. Functional assessments included stress tolerance assays (heat, acid, bile, and oxidative stress) and untargeted metabolomic profiling using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: The optimal medium comprised 9 g/L glucose, 14.1 g/L soy protein isolate, and 14.1 g/L yeast extract, supplemented with minerals. In 50 L fermentation, L22F achieved 9.20 log colony-forming units/mL at 12 h, with residual sugar at 1.50 g/L and pH 3.99. Compared to de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe, the modified medium reduced production cost by 70%-88%, improved fermentation efficiency, and supported enhanced stress resilience. Metabolomic analysis revealed an elevated production of bioactive metabolites, particularly 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and indolelactic acid, which are known to support gut homeostasis, anti-inflammatory responses, and probiotic efficacy. Conclusion: This study presents a cost-effective and scalable fermentation medium specifically designed for high-density L22F production. Beyond economic advantages, the medium enhanced the functional properties of L22F, supporting its application as a sustainable probiotic feed additive for swine. These findings establish a foundation for further industrial application and
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Registered trials
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