ArticleCureus2025
Urban Versus Rural Disparities in Alcoholic Liver Disease Mortality: A Comprehensive 22-Year Analysis of Trends and Demographic Influences in the United States.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Rural-Urban Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality.JAMA network open · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions that result from excessive alcohol consumption. Disparities in mortality rates of ALD between urban and rural populations have become a growing concern, with rural areas experiencing a faster rise in ALD-related deaths. Understanding these disparities is crucial for developing targeted public health interventions to address this escalating concern. Methodology Disparities in mortality rates from 1999 to 2020 were analyzed using data from the CDC-WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database. Regions were categorized into urban (large central, large fringe, medium, and small metro) and rural (micropolitan and non-core) categories based on the 2013 Metropolitan classification. The data were stratified by age (10-year intervals), gender, and race. The binomial proportion test was used for comparison, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Rural mortality rates increased sharply post-2015, peaking in 2020, while urban rates rose more gradually. While urban areas experienced higher total mortality, rural regions exhibited a steeper rise in mortality rates, especially post-2015, highlighting a growing public health crisis. Notably, younger age groups (15-64 years) exhibited higher mortality in rural areas, particularly among those aged 25-34 years, while urban areas showed higher rates for older populations (65+ years). American Indian or Alaska Native individuals in rural areas had notably high rates (24.1 per 100,000). Rural males experienced higher mortality rates (9.04 per 100,000) compared to urban males (7.82 per 100,000, p < 0.001). Similarly, rural females also exhibited higher mortality (3.48 per 100,000) compared to urban females (3.08 per 100,000, p < 0.001), highlighting a consistent rural disadvantage across both genders. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that males and middle-aged adults in rural settings are disproportionately affected. Targeted public health interventions aimed at improving healthcare access can significantly reduce ALD mortality rates.
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