Insect Lipids as Novel Source for Future Applications: Chemical Composition and Industry Applications-A Comprehensive Review.

Nutritional values of some insects are correlated with species, developmental stages, temperature, reproduction, flight, migration, and their diet. Insect oil may be utilized as an ingredient in feed and food, in the cosmetic industry, or as biofuel. Lipid content is composed mainly of fatty acids (FAs) of nutritional importance. Insects' fat body (FB) is crucial for lipid synthesis, accumulation, and hydrolysis. Triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation occurs mainly in adipocytes. The major transported lipid is diacylglycerol, which is carried by high-density lipoprotein (lipophorin [Lpp]) from the gut into a trip to tissues for storage and utilization. About 1900 insect species, mainly from the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Isoptera, Odonata, and Diptera orders, were recorded to be consumed by humans in the world, particularly in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Different methodologies used to extract lipids are currently applied to insects, such as the aqueous extraction, the Soxhlet method, the Folch method, the Matyash method, the supercritical fluid extraction method, the Aqueous Enzymatic method, and the acid fermentation method. This review shows that the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Isoptera orders contain the higher amount of fat/oil at the same level as palm and palm kernel oil. In the larval stage,