ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2025
Population attributable fractions of modifiable dementia risk factors for cognitive impairment-the ELSA-Brasil cohort study.
Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Complementary approaches to improve cognitive health through prevention in Brazil.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Population attributable fractions (PAF) of modifiable dementia risk factors are rarely estimated in low- and middle-income countries. We aim to estimate the relative risk (RR) for cognitive impairment and calculate the PAF in the Methods: We analyzed adults aged 35-74 at the baseline (2008-2010) and wave 3 (2017-2019). We estimated the prevalence of eight modifiable dementia risk factors at baseline: hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, depression, obesity, low education, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Cognition was evaluated at baseline and wave 3 using six standardized tests for the Brazilian Portuguese. A global cognitive score from the individual cognitive tests was created using calculated z-scores each test. A global z-score below -1.5 was considered indicative of cognitive impairment. We calculated the RR and PAF for cognitive impairment at wave 3. Findings: We followed 10,058 adults (56.7% women, median age of 50 [IQR: 44-56] years) for 8.1 (0.6) years. The eight-year incidence of cognitive impairment in wave 3 was 5.5% (n = 549). Low education had the largest RR (4.32) followed by hypertension (1.43), diabetes (1.27), and smoking (1.35). Low education had the largest PAF (95% CI), 14.2% (11.2-17.3), followed by hypertension 13% (7-19), diabetes 4.2% (0.7-7.7), and smoking 3.2% (0.45-6). The total PAF for significant risk factors was 34.7% (28.2-41.3). Interpretation: The findings highlight the importance of early-life and midlife prevention strategies in low- and middle-income countries, with a focus on addressing educational and cardiovascular risk factors. Funding: RMC received Alzheimer's Association grant (AARGD-21-846545).
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