ArticleIDCases2025
Wrong diagnosis - Wrong antimicrobials: Rise in antimicrobial resistance in developing countries.
Article in IDCases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond the gut microbe: Rethinking infection, microbiome harmony, and the one-health continuum.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Incidence, viral etiology, and risk factors of wheezing in children under two years of age: findings from a low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia: A comprehensive analysis of associated factors.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Patterns of Enteric Co-Infections Among Individuals Presenting with Cholera-like Diarrheal Disease During Seasonal Cholera Outbreaks.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis, disproportionately affecting developing countries. A key driver is the chain of wrong diagnosis leading to inappropriate antimicrobial use. Misclassification of infections-such as viral illnesses mistaken for bacterial infections-and failure to identify infection sources needing drainage or debridement result in unnecessary or ineffective antimicrobial therapy. This accelerates AMR, compels reliance on high-end antimicrobials, and fosters emergence of extensively drug-resistant pathogens. Compounding factors include sample contamination, absence of diagnostic-laboratory feedback loops, and empirical therapy without microbiological confirmation. Together, these perpetuate a vicious cycle of diagnostic error and AMR escalation. Strengthening diagnostic accuracy through point-of-care testing, molecular diagnostics, source control measures, and integration of diagnostic stewardship into antimicrobial stewardship programs is critical. Policy reforms, clinician education, and adoption of digital health innovations can support these efforts, breaking the cycle and preserving antimicrobial efficacy in resource-limited settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.