Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40688374›Full record

ArticleNew microbes and new infections2025

Ciprofloxacin resistance and bile-induced biofilm enhancement in

Faisal Shah, Niaz Muhammad, Ihtisham Ul Haq, Abdul Rehman, Hazir Rahman, Mamdouh Allahyani, Mazen Almehmadi, Mohammed A Alshamrani, Muhammad Qasim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in New microbes and new infections, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. High burden of blaBMC microbiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Faisal ShahDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Pakistan.
Niaz MuhammadDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Pakistan.
Ihtisham Ul HaqDepartment of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
Abdul RehmanDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Pakistan.
Hazir RahmanDepartment of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan.
Mamdouh AllahyaniDepartment of clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Mazen AlmehmadiDepartment of clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed A AlshamraniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad QasimDepartment of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Methodology: The blood samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and identified by biochemical tests and an API 20E kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed according to CLSI guidelines using different antibiotics and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for ciprofloxacin were determined using agar dilution. The biofilm-forming ability of isolates was performed, and the effect of bile salts on biofilm production was also tested. Extracellular polysaccharides from select isolates were extracted and analyzed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to characterize their chemical properties. Results: The highly infected age group with Conclusion: The study highlighted the prevalence and alarming rate of ciprofloxacin resistance among clinical

Identifiers

PMID40688374
PMCPMC12271913

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.