ArticleTranslational pediatrics2025
The association and diagnostic value of maternal serum placental biomarkers for fetal hypospadias and cryptorchidism.
Article in Translational pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Clinically, the diagnosis of hypospadias and cryptorchidism presents a certain degree of complexity due to the variability in anatomical presentation and potential comorbid conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of maternal serum placental biomarkers [first-trimester (FT) gestation: 10-13 Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study, and participants were divided into three groups: a hypospadias group (222 cases), a cryptorchidism group (120 cases), and a control group (311 cases). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity analyses were used to evaluate the performance of the different predictive models constructed with maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and ST free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (ST-free β-hCG) individually or in combination for hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Results: Maternal serum PAPP-A and uE3 multiple of median (MoM) levels in the hypospadias group were lower than these in the control group [0.70 (0.10-2.41) Conclusions: The combined risk model of maternal serum PAPP-A, AFP and uE3 had a relatively better diagnostic value for hypospadias and cryptorchidism than the models constructed with other placental biomarkers individually or in combination.
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