ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2025
Waning immunity, prevailing non-vaccine type
Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global seroepidemiology of pertussis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of co-purified diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine in 6-year-old Chinese children.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Preliminarily evaluation the safety and immunogenicity of tetanus, reduced diphtheria and acellular pertussis (five components) combined vaccine, adsorbed (Tdcp) in participants aged 6 years and above: a blinded and randomised, and controlled phase I clinical trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- IS481-based pertussis positivity transition from preschool to school-aged children and theEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Pathogenicity and vaccine protection of circulating pertactin- and filamentous hemagglutinin-deficientEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Age Distribution Shifts in Pertussis Across Two Distinct Decline Periods (2018-2025).Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors for severe pertussis in infants aged less than 3 months.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Pertussis resurgence after the COVID-19 pandemic in four Western Pacific Countries and the USA, highlighting the 2025 outbreak in Japan.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An old foe comes swooping back: Whooping cough resurgence-Okay, now what?PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal analysis of pertussis in Shapingba District, China, 2014-2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Severe Pertussis During Early Infancy from a High-Altitude Region: Two Clinical Cases and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The 2024-2025 Pertussis outbreak in children in Chengdu: A large-scale retrospective cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and macrolide resistance analysis of pertussis in children: a retrospective study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal modeling of regional short-term pertussis transmission risk using a propagation-enhanced prediction framework.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology and increasing macrolide resistance of Bordetella pertussis isolates in Guangzhou, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and spatial-temporal clustering characteristics of pertussis in Southwest China, 2013-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In the spring and summer of 2024, an unexpected large outbreak of pertussis hit China, with the annual incidence of pertussis (34.03/100,000) more than 12-fold higher than that of 2023 (2.71/100,000). We aimed to assess clinical and molecular epidemiological patterns and unravel the reasons behind the 2024 pertussis outbreak. Methods: PCR-confirmed pertussis cases were enrolled from five sentinel hospitals in Shanghai, Anhui, Hainan, Fujian, and Inner Mongolia between 1 January and 30 September 2024. The epidemiological data of PCR-confirmed cases, as well as the clinical data and vaccination history of hospitalized cases were collected. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from partial pertussis cases and their household contacts for Findings: A total of 14,874 cases of pertussis were PCR-confirmed in the 5 sentinel hospitals, peaking in April to July. Infants represented 9.6% of cases and children aged 4-10 years represented 74.3% of cases in the five hospitals. Of the 7238 (48.7%) cases with vaccination data, 6563 (90.7%) were fully vaccinated. Breakthrough pertussis cases were mainly observed in fully vaccinated children since the age of 7 months. Among the 828 (5.6%) cases hospitalized for pertussis, 71.7% (594/828) cases had complications (pneumonia 69.7%, 577/828), 5.7% (47/828) were admitted to intensive care unit and 0.24% (2/828) cases died. Sixty-four per cent (403/630) of families had both the patient and at least one family member PCR-positive for Interpretation: The waning vaccine-derived protection and the prevailing macrolide-resistant MT28 clone harboring non-vaccine type Funding: This work is supported by Shanghai Municipal Sixth Round Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening the Construction of the Public Health System (GWVI-11.1-07, GWVI-2.1.2) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272381).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.