Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40688100›Full record

ArticleJournal of immunology research2025

Poxvirus Vectors Activate Human NK and MAIT Cells in a Type I Interferon, IL-18, and Monocyte-Dependent Manner.

Kombo F N'guessan, Zhanna Shubin, Kawthar Machmach, Johan K Sandberg, Julie A Ake, Sandhya Vasan, Michael A Eller, Dominic Paquin-Proulx

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Article in Journal of immunology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kombo F N'guessanUS Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Zhanna ShubinUS Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Kawthar MachmachUS Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6173-1726
Johan K SandbergCenter for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-0750
Julie A AkeUS Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Sandhya VasanUS Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Michael A EllerUS Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3905-4877
Dominic Paquin-ProulxUS Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-3414

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recombinant poxviruses have been extensively studied as vaccine vectors, yet the specific mechanisms by which they engage the immune system remain incompletely understood. ALVAC is a poxviral vector that was a component of the HIV vaccine used in the Thai RV144 trial, showing modest efficacy in reducing HIV acquisition. Here, we show that in vitro ALVAC-HIV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) activates natural killer (NK) and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. This activation was partially dependent on monocytes, cGAS sensing, and production of IL-18 and type I IFN. Furthermore, ALVAC-HIV-mediated activation of NK and MAIT cells contributed to the activation of B cells. Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), another poxviral vector used for prevention of smallpox and mpox, similarly activated NK and MAIT cells. Overall, this suggests a conserved mechanism by which NK and MAIT cells could contribute to the immunogenicity of poxviral vectors.

Indexed as

Genetic VectorsHIV InfectionsInterferon Type IInterleukin-18Killer Cells, NaturalMonocytesMucosal-Associated Invariant T CellsPoxviridaeHumansLymphocyte ActivationVaccinia virusInterferon Type IInterleukin-18ALVACMAIT cellsMVANK cellspoxvirusviral vector

Identifiers

PMID40688100
PMCPMC12276059

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.