ArticleInterventional pain medicine2025
Rates of complications after cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections for patients with cervical radiculopathy utilizing a large national database.
Article in Interventional pain medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Outcomes after cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections vs cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections: A propensity matched comparison study utilizing a large national database.Interventional pain medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Two Institution-Specific Cervicothoracic Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection Protocols (C7/T1-6 mL vs. T1/T2-8 mL) in Cervical Radiculopathy: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Rates of cervical spine surgery and repeat epidural injections after cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections for patients with cervical radiculopathy utilizing a large national database.Interventional pain medicine · 2025Article
- Reassessing the risks of Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections (CTFESI).Interventional pain medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections (CTFESI) are commonly used to treat cervical radiculopathy. Though major adverse events have been published in case reports, larger cohort studies have not demonstrated this concern. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of major and minor complications after CTFESIs using a large database. Methods: TriNetX, a global health research network, was queried from January 01, 2004-May 20, 2025 for patients with cervical radiculopathy undergoing CTFESI. All diagnostic and surgical codes after CTFESI were analyzed. Specific major complications queried for were stroke, seizures, and paralysis. Nervous system, musculoskeletal, infectious, and procedural diagnoses were evaluated for complications. Complications were reported as number and percent. Results: A total of 32,913 patients underwent CTFESI with available follow-up data. There were ≤10 (≤0.03 %) patients who had intraoperative/post-procedure complications, ≤10 (≤0.03 %) with CSF leak. There were 143 (0.4 %) patients that had cerebral vascular disease related codes. Of these, 50 (0.15 %) had cerebral infarction codes and ≤10 (≤0.03 %). There were 39 (0.12 %) patients with seizure codes, and 18 (0.5 %) patients that had paralysis codes. There were 0 (0 %) patients who had mortality related codes within a day after CTFESI. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the risk of major complications after CTFESI in a large cohort to be low.
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