Attitudes, Behaviors, and Perceived Barriers Toward Conducting Research Among Preventive Medicine Residents in Saudi Arabia: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes, behaviors, and practices of preventive medicine residents in Saudi Arabia in 2024, and identify the perceived barriers and challenges they face. Methods This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among preventive medicine residents registered in the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) at all levels (years one to four) between January and April 2024. Data were collected via a self-administered online survey questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes, and practices towards research, motivation to conduct research, and perceived barriers. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact tests were used for data analysis. Results A total of 182 residents participated in this study. The majority were aged 25-30 years (61.0%) and male (53.8%). Most participants were in their fourth year of residency (29.1%) and married (57.7%). Most articles had previous publications in journals (80.2%). Significant associations were found between the demographic characteristics and publication. Residents expressed their willingness to participate in the research workshops. The primary motives were having a positive impact on CV, improving research skills, and becoming published. The main perceived barriers included a lack of time, inadequate research facilities, and poor database accessibility. Conclusion These findings can inform targeted interventions to foster research culture and address specific challenges, ultimately improving healthcare outcomes and shaping future public health policies.