ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence reports2025
On-site health service delivery models at syringe services programs in the United States: Results of a national cross-sectional survey.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between a citywide ban on syringe distribution and provision of harm reduction services.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Operationalizing recipient-centeredness: three facets of values-driven care in syringe services programs.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Projected Outcomes of Reducing Federal Funding for Syringe Service Programs via Executive Order.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Syringe Services Participants' Preferences for Wound Care, HIV/Hepatitis C Virus Screening, and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: A Discrete Choice Experiment.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) have many needs for health services, but frequently lack access to and/or do not utilize those services. Syringe services programs (SSPs) are low-stigma environments where health services can be provided, but are not well described. Objective: We characterized types of health services delivery available at syringe services programs (SSPs) nationally and assess SSP characteristics associated with them. Methods: Using a national survey of SSPs on services provided in 2019 (N = 153), we conducted latent class analysis to determine the best fit model for health service delivery types. We examined the association between health delivery types and SSP organizational characteristics using multinomial logistic regression. Results: A 3-class model was best fit and included 1) a comprehensive care model that had a high probability of offering multiple health services (11 %), 2) a testing and wound care model that offers mostly HIV/HCV testing and wound care (57 %), and 3) a minimal or no health services model that predominantly do no offer medical services (32 %). Comprehensive care and HIV/HCV testing and wound care SSPs were significantly more likely to have ≥ 50 % of their funding from public sources (OR=13.7 and OR=18.0), be a larger program (4th quartile in syringe distribution, OR=25.2 and OR=4.7), and less likely to be a grassroots program (OR=0.1 for both) compared to minimal care SSPs. Conclusions: With 11 % of SSPs providing comprehensive care and one-third providing minimal services, there is an opportunity to expand health care services at SSPs with further public funding investments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.