ArticleResearch in pharmaceutical sciences2025
Synthesis and
Article in Research in pharmaceutical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with systemic complications and progressive disability. Systemic side effects and poor drug delivery to joints limit current treatments. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of tofacitinib (Tofa) by synthesizing novel pH-triggered biocompatible polymers, both folate-targeted and non-folate-targeted. Experimental approach: First-generation polymers were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR and Findings/Results: Tofa/CHS-Mal-DEX and Tofa/FA-PEG-CHS-Mal-DEX micelles exhibited particle sizes of 188 nm and 173.06 nm, respectively, with entrapment efficiencies of 51% and 72.76%. The release profiles exhibited that about 40% of Tofa was released from micelles over 62 h in physiological pH, whereas in acidic conditions, this significantly decreased to 2 h. Micelles demonstrated improved uptake efficiency, resulting in a significant reduction in IL-6 levels compared to free Tofa. None of the micelle formulations indicated cytotoxic effects on fibroblastic L929 and Raw 264.7 macrophage cell lines. Conclusion and implications: The developed folate and non-folate-targeted micelles were not toxic and biocompatible for enhancing the therapeutic potential of Tofa in RA and improving drug delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.