ArticleEClinicalMedicine2025
Gestational diabetes and parental type 2 diabetes as risk indicators for type 1 diabetes in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The interaction of intestinal microbiota and diabetes mellitus: A database-based quantitative analysis and visualization.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Gestational diabetes and parental type 2 diabetes as risk indicators for type 1 diabetes in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Type 1 diabetes can be accelerated by insulin resistance, an increasingly prevalent condition. Some studies report an association between offspring type 1 diabetes development and insulin resistant parental diabetes, namely type 2 and gestational diabetes. We aimed to evaluate and synthesize this evidence, to delineate risk indicators for early detection and, potentially, for prevention. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses for studies assessing associations between gestational diabetes, maternal type 2 diabetes, and/or paternal type 2 diabetes, with offspring type 1 diabetes. We searched Embase, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane and Scopus from inception to April 30, 2025, without language restrictions. We assessed study quality, extracted summary data from published reports, and calculated pooled estimates using random effects models. Study Registration: ResearchRegistry (reviewregistry1606; April 27, 2023). Findings: Across 3205 studies screened, 18 were relevant, 11 of which we rated as moderate-to-high quality. Fifteen studies examined gestational diabetes, eight maternal type 2 diabetes, and seven paternal type 2 diabetes. Compared to no maternal diabetes, gestational diabetes was associated with a 94% risk increase for offspring type 1 diabetes (pooled OR 1·94, 95% CI 1·51-2·49; Interpretation: Gestational diabetes and paternal type 2 diabetes are offspring type 1 diabetes risk indicators. Including these conditions in family history assessments for patients with compatible symptoms may facilitate earlier diagnosis and reduce complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Funding: None.
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