ReviewEClinicalMedicine2025
Advocating for the recognition of underlying immunosuppression in critical illness.
Review in EClinicalMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Viral Reactivation in Immunocompetent Critically Ill Patients.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Ten reasons why acute respiratory failure is different in the immunocompromised host.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Severe community-acquired pneumonia: an integral approach.Journal of intensive care · 2026Review
- Sepsis in end-stage liver disease and acute-on-chronic liver failure: pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and pharmacological management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The clinical application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients: a multicenter retrospective study in the ICU.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Pulmonary cryptococcosis with or without immunocompromise: a retrospective comparative study of clinical and CT features and influential factors for lesion absorption.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Early de-escalation of antifungal treatment in critically ill immunocompromised patients with proven or probable invasive candidiasis: A retrospective multicentre study.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- The dual role of T cells in solid organ transplant rejection and immune tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- An Italian multidisciplinary Delphi Consensus on new insights about the clinical relevance of Pidotimod.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- RAPID-CARE: Rapid Antibiotic Optimization in the ICU After Implementation of a Pneumonia Multiplex PCR Test-A Real-World Evaluation.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Monocyte HLA-DR expression in septic shock patients: insights from a 20-year real-world cohort of 1023 cases.Intensive care medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunosuppression, characterised by impaired immune function, significantly influences infection risk and ICU admissions in critically ill patients. This manuscript highlights the need for grading criteria to assess pre-existing immunosuppression, considering factors like underlying diseases, immunosuppressive therapies, and clinical outcomes variability. We propose a grading system categorising immunosuppression as mild, moderate, or severe. These criteria, while preliminary, offer a foundation for future refinement. Patients with moderate immunosuppression may require closer infection surveillance, while those with severe immunosuppression might need early immune reconstitution therapies. Prospective studies integrating biomarkers and advanced tools like machine learning are essential to validate and enhance the grading system for clinical use. This approach aims to make immunosuppression assessments more predictive and actionable. This narrative review synthesises current knowledge and provides guidance for individualised management. Effective care requires balancing immunosuppressive treatments with infection prevention, including risk assessments, optimisation, and medication reconciliation. Ultimately, the manuscript advocates for developing robust grading criteria to improve clinical decision-making and outcomes for critically ill immunocompromised patients. Funding: Not receiving any funding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.