ArticleAnnals of botany2025
A slow march along the South American Dry Diagonal: a multi-gene molecular phylogeny and biogeographical history of the peanut genus, Arachis L.
Article in Annals of botany, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Origin of small chromosome A08 and genome evolution of Arachis species.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Chromosomal variations and evolution in Arachis species revealed by single-copy FISH karyotyping.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsArachis contains 84 accepted species, including peanut (Arachis hypogaea), all endemic to South America. To better understand evolutionary patterns in Arachis, we studied its phylogeny and biogeographical history.
methodsWe sequenced ITS, ETS, psbA-trnH, rpoB-trnCGCA and ycf1 regions and constructed maximum likelihood trees based on aligned matrices and on a concatenation of all five regions. We then conducted a fossil-calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic analysis and a biogeographical analysis. KEY
resultsWe hypothesize that Arachis diverged from its sister Stylosanthes in the Middle Miocene, about 15 Ma, in the area now occupied by the Brazilian Caatinga and Northeastern Cerrado, accompanied by the innovation of geocarpy as a possible adaptation to increasing aridity. Arachis began to diversify about 10 Ma, and the deepest branching, and more species-poor lineages remain associated with the Caatinga. Expansion of two distinct lineages to the contiguous and nascent Cerrado occurred in the late Miocene by ∼7.4 and ∼5.5 Ma, respectively. The Cerrado remains the major centre of diversity of Arachis and is the area of progressive expansion of the genus along the broad corridor of the north-eastern-south-western Neotropical Dry Diagonal, during the late Miocene and Pliocene. Further Pliocene expansion of distinct Arachis lineages from the Cerrado to the Pantanal and Chaco regions are also hypothesized, where the latter two ecoregions are identified as secondary centres of diversification of the genus. Frequent diversifications occurred in section Arachis from the Middle Pleistocene (∼0.774 Ma), probably driven by climate change, and accompanied by expansion of distinct Cerrado lineages: two into the Chaco, comprising a subclade of A genome species and another of all K-genome species, and a third comprising a subset of B genome species into the Chiquitano.
conclusionsOur results clarify phylogenetic relationships in Arachis and provide a new framework to understand its evolutionary history.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.