ArticleBrain and behavior2025
Exploring Social Cognition Sub-Domains and Predictors in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Episodic memory deficits are associated with social cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeSocial cognition (SC) is increasingly recognized as a key cognitive domain affected in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet its sub-domains and clinical correlates remain underexplored. This study aimed to assess different SC sub-domains and identify their cognitive, emotional, and demographic predictors in people with MS (pwMS).
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 93 pwMS and 34 HCs. Assessments included the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) for emotion recognition, the Trail Making Test (TMT) for executive function, the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) for nonverbal understanding, the Implied Meaning Test (IMT) for implicit understanding, the Social-Emotional Competence Scale for adaptability, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale for impulsivity, the Stroop Test for inhibition, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for cognition, and the Short Form-12 (SF-12) for quality of life (QoL). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of SC performance.
resultsPwMS, particularly those with progressive MS, exhibited significantly lower SC performance across all sub-domains compared to HCs. Regression analyses revealed that lower MoCA scores, higher BDI scores, and lower educational attainment were significant predictors of impaired SC, while disease duration and gender were not. Notably, SC deficits were also observed in cognitively preserved individuals, suggesting the relative independence of SC impairments.
conclusionSC impairment is a distinct and clinically relevant feature of MS, associated with both cognitive and emotional factors. Routine SC screening may enhance patient care by informing personalized interventions. Future research should include larger cohorts, longitudinal designs, and practical SC assessment tools for clinical use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.