ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025
Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Acyl-Ghrelin Peptide Gold Nanoconjugates for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gold Nanoparticles in Central Nervous System Diseases: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Nano letters · 2026Review
- Chitosan-Coated Liposomes for Intranasal Delivery of Ghrelin: Enhancing Bioavailability to the Central Nervous System.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Beyond Hunger: The Structure, Signaling, and Systemic Roles of Ghrelin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Acyl-Ghrelin Peptide Gold Nanoconjugates for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases remain a major therapeutic challenge in aging populations. Acyl-ghrelin, a 28-amino acid gut hormone, demonstrates neuroprotective effects but is limited by instability, rapid clearance, and non-specific distribution when systemically delivered. Nose-to-brain delivery using nanotechnology offers a promising alternative. Gold nanorods (AuNRs), with high therapeutics loading capacity, are proposed as carriers for intranasal acyl-ghrelin delivery. The previous study demonstrates that intranasal AuNRs effectively reach the brain with minimal systemic exposure. This work investigates the feasibility of using acyl-ghrelin gold nanoconjugates to deliver and retain its pharmacological activity through intranasal administration for neurodegenerative diseases. Acyl-ghrelin is conjugated via its C-terminus to hetero-functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) using EDC/sulfo-NHS coupling chemistry, then attached to AuNRs through stable Au─S bonds. Reaction conditions are optimized to minimize multi-PEG substitution, preserving acyl-ghrelin bioactivity and preventing AuNR cross-linking. The resulting nanoconjugates successfully deliver ghrelin to the brain, reaching peak levels at 10 min post-administration with ≈2067.6 ± 760.6 pg g
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.