ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology2025
A transposable element insertion in AUX/IAA16 disrupts splicing and causes auxin resistance in Bassia scoparia.
Article in The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Validation of the International Weed Genomics Consortium genome annotation pipeline through reannotation of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana.The plant genome · 2026Article
- Catalytic Promiscuity Underpins Metabolic Resistance to Auxinic Herbicides inJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- The genetic architecture and spatiotemporal dynamics of adaptation across human-modified landscapes.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- FHY3/FAR1 transposable elements generate adaptive genetic variation in the Bassia scoparia genome.Pest management science · 2025Article
- 2,4-D resistance due to a deletion in IAA2 in Sisymbrium orientale L. carries no apparent fitness penalty.Pest management science · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A dicamba-resistant population of kochia (Bassia scoparia) identified in Colorado, USA in 2012 was used to generate a synthetic mapping population that segregated for dicamba resistance. Linkage mapping associating dicamba injury with genotype derived from restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing identified a single locus in the kochia genome associated with resistance on chromosome 4. A mutant version of Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid 16 (AUX/IAA16; a gene previously implicated in dicamba resistance in kochia) was found near the middle of this locus in resistant plants. Long-read sequencing of dicamba-resistant plants identified a recently inserted long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon TRIM element near the beginning of the second exon of AUX/IAA16, leading to disruption of normal splicing and a mutated degron domain. Stable transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana ectopically expressing the mutant and wild-type alleles of AUX/IAA16 were developed. Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing the mutant AUX/IAA16 allele grew shorter roots on control media. However, transgenic root growth was less inhibited on media containing either dicamba (5 μM) or IAA (0.5 μM) when compared with non-transgenic plants or those expressing the wild-type allele of AUX/IAA16. In vitro assays indicate reduced binding affinity and more rapid dissociation of the mutant AUX/IAA16 with TIR1 in the presence of several auxins, and protein modeling suggests the substitution of the glycine residue in the degron domain of AUX/IAA16 is especially important for resistance. A fitness cost associated with the mutant allele of AUX/IAA16 has implications for resistance evolution and management of kochia populations with this resistance mechanism.
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