Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40685006›Full record

ArticleArchives of physical medicine and rehabilitation2026

Mental and Physical Well-Being of Informal Stroke Caregivers Compared With Noncaregiver Family and Friends.

Lynda D Lisabeth, Linda C Gallo, Janet Prvu Bettger, Madeline Kwicklis, Elizabeth M Almendarez, Erin Case, Melinda A Smith, Lewis B Morgenstern

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lynda D LisabethDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. Electronic address: llisabet@umich.edu.
Linda C GalloDepartment of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
Janet Prvu BettgerDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Madeline KwicklisDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.
Elizabeth M AlmendarezDepartment of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
Erin CaseDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.
Melinda A SmithDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI.
Lewis B MorgensternDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.

Funding

STROKE SURVEILLANCE IN A BIETHNIC COMMUNITYR01NS038916 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI LISABETH, LYNDA D, MORGENSTERN, LEWIS B · 1999 to 2023
$20.9M
Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) ProjectR37NS038916 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LYNDA D LISABETH, LEWIS B MORGENSTERN · 2024 to 2026
$3.7M
Improving Post-Acute Care to Reduce Ethnic Stroke DisparitiesR01NS107463 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LISABETH, LYNDA D, MORGENSTERN, LEWIS B · 2019 to 2023
$3.3M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS038916NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS107463NINDS NIH HHS R37 NS038916
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare physical/mental health in caregivers and noncaregiver family/friends of stroke survivors within a population-based study.

designStudy is a cohort study design with data from medical records and interviews.

settingPopulation-based stroke study in south Texas.

participantsStroke survivors and their informal caregivers and noncaregiver family and friends.

interventionsNot applicable.

main outcome measuresPhysical/mental health measures included Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8; range, 0-24; higher→worse); Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-10 physical (range, 16.2-67.7) and mental health (range, 21.2-67.6) summary scores (higher→better) at 90 days poststroke.

resultsCompared with noncaregivers (n=360), caregivers (n=320) had lower socioeconomic status, were more likely women, Mexican American, offspring rather than spouse of care recipient, and to reside with a stroke survivor. Median PHQ-8 scores were worse in caregivers (median=4; IQR, 1-8, mild) than noncaregivers (median=2; IQR, 0-5; no depression). Physical (median=47.7; IQR, 39.8-54.1; median=50.8; IQR, 44.9-57.7) and mental health (median=45.8; IQR, 41.1-50.8; median=50.8; IQR, 45.8-56.0) scores were good to very good in caregivers and noncaregivers, respectively. Caregivers had greater depression symptoms (β=1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-2.5) and worse physical (β=-2.2; 95% CI, -4.0 to -0.4) and mental health (β=-3.2; 95% CI, -5.1 to -1.4) than noncaregivers.

conclusionsPhysical/mental health in caregivers has rarely been compared with those not in the caregiving role. In this study, which controlled for the effect of having a family member or friend with stroke, caregivers had worse physical/mental health than noncaregivers, suggesting that caregiver interventions may improve well-being.

Indexed as

CaregiversFamilyFriendsHealth StatusMental HealthStrokeAdultAgedCohort StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesCaregivingOutcomesRace-ethnicityRehabilitationStroke

Identifiers

PMID40685006
PMCPMC13213706

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.