Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40684801›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie2026

Risk of developing thyroid eye disease in patients with thyroid dysfunction that received a COVID-19 vaccination.

Linus Amarikwa, Patcharaporn Chandraparnik, Karen M Wai, Ehsan Rahimy, Benyam Kinde, Euna Koo, Chase Ludwig, Chrysoula Dosiou, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Andrea L Kossler

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Article in Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Linus AmarikwaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Patcharaporn ChandraparnikDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.
Karen M WaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Ehsan RahimyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Benyam KindeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Euna KooDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Chase LudwigDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Chrysoula DosiouDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Prithvi MruthyunjayaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Andrea L KosslerDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States. Electronic address: akossler@stanford.edu.

Funding

Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey L Goldberg · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the risk of developing thyroid eye disease (TED) after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in patients with thyroid dysfunction.

designA retrospective cohort study.

participantsAll patients with hyperthyroidism with no history of TED prior to March 2021 and no history of another orbital inflammatory disease.

methodsThe rates of TED in patients that received or did not receive any type of COVID-19 vaccination were compared. TED incidence was also compared in those receiving influenza and Tdap vaccines. All patient records were identified using the TriNetX network (Cambridge, MA). Propensity score matching (PSM) was done to control for differences in baseline demographics and medical comorbidities. The primary outcome was the relative risk of developing TED after COVID-19 vaccination.

resultsA total of 373,909 patients with hyperthyroidism and no signs of TED were identified. After matching and assessing for vaccination status, 69,378 patients were in the COVID-19 vaccine and no COVID-19 vaccine cohorts. We found that COVID-19 vaccination resulted in an increased risk of developing TED when compared with the no COVID-19 vaccine (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.39-1.58), Tdap (RR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.56-2.06), and influenza cohorts (RR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.49-1.88).

conclusionsPatients with underlying hyperthyroidism demonstrated an increased risk of developing TED following COVID-19 vaccination. Although further studies are required to confirm these findings, patients with underlying autoimmune thyroid dysfunction should receive education on the signs and symptoms of TED and be monitored for the development of TED after COVID-19 vaccination.

Identifiers

PMID40684801
PMCPMC13630481

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