ReviewThe Lancet. Respiratory medicine2025
Global epidemiology and burden of interstitial lung disease.
Review in The Lancet. Respiratory medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and incidence of interstitial lung diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus: systematic review and meta-analyses.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Targeting the CD4Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Circulating lipids, lipoproteins, and the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a cohort study and genetic analysis.Journal of lipid research · 2026Article
- A Comparative Assessment of the Antifibrotic Effect of Nintedanib Administered via a Medicated Diet or Oral Gavage in a Rat Model of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Toward precision imaging in interstitial lung disease: advances in quantitative imaging and artificial intelligence.Current opinion in pulmonary medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics of lung cancer in patients with connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease: a brief report.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Interstitial Lung Disease in the United States: CDC Mortality Trends (1999-2024).Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Ultrasensitive detection of lung inflammation in male mice using immuno-magnetic particle imaging.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Beyond Technological Access: Exploring Contextual Factors Related to Teleassessment Usability in Interstitial Lung Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Neuropsychiatric disorders in pulmonary fibrosis: from brain network alterations to inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The Gut-Lung Microbiome Crosstalk and Pulmonary Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The clinical and translational perspectives on the lung microbiome in interstitial lung diseases: a bibliometric review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Sex-specific trends in incidence and mortality of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis in China compared with global estimates, 1990-2023: an analysis of GBD 2023.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Emerging Therapies in Pulmonary Fibrosis.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Review
- Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of C-type natriuretic peptide/cyclic GMP signaling in pulmonary fibrosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Neutralization of Microbiota-Derived Corisin Shows Early Amelioration of Advanced Pulmonary Fibrosis.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- The Impact of Genetics on Pediatric Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Narrative Literature Review and Clinical Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Spectrum of autoantibodies and other serological parameters in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a narrative review.Respiratory research & clinical practice · 2026Review
- Biomarkers on Fibrotic Lung Diseases Associated with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The global incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) are difficult to determine due to the rarity of the condition, inconsistent case ascertainment and reporting methods, and differences in risk factors, burden of exposures, and access to health-care systems across geographical areas. With these caveats, several studies have reported an increased incidence and prevalence of ILD over time. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common and extensively studied ILD, whereas connective tissue disease-associated ILD and hypersensitivity pneumonitis display the most geographical variability. Except for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, connective tissue disease-associated ILD, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and sarcoidosis, few data are available for other ILDs. Access to health care remains uneven particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, leading to major health disparities. Socioeconomic inequalities also affect morbidity and mortality within and across countries. We performed a non-systematic review of the most recent literature on the epidemiology and burden of ILD, and highlighted areas where substantial gaps in knowledge remain and further studies are needed. The introduction of new tools, including nationwide health-care databases and monitoring of air pollution exposure, is opening new avenues for ILD epidemiology research; however, we are only at the beginning of understanding how the interaction between genetic and environmental factors contributes to the rising burden of these deadly diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.