ArticleBMC public health2025
Association between life's crucial 9 and major eye diseases among US adults aged 40 years or older.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of Frailty Index and Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index With Major Ocular Diseases and Analysis of Component Contributions: A Cross-Sectional Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Aggregate index of systemic inflammation and glaucoma status: population-based evidence with clinical validation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVision impairment due to eye diseases represents a significant global public health concern. There is an increasing acknowledgment of the relationship between cardiovascular health (CVH) and eye diseases. However, Life's Crucial 9 (LC9), the latest scoring framework for CVH, has yet to be investigated in relation to major eye diseases.
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 3830 adults aged 40 years or older from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008. We analyzed the relationship between LC9 scores and major eye diseases, including retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma using weighted multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analyses.
resultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the poor CVH group (LC9 < 50) exhibited significant higher risks of glaucoma (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-5.08), retinopathy (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.84-4.63), and any objectively confirmed ocular disease (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.45-3.49) compared to the ideal CVH group (LC9 ≥ 80). Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a significant inverse linear association between LC9 scores and the risk of these diseases. Subgroup analyses indicated significant interactions between LC9 score and sex concerning retinopathy and any objectively confirmed ocular disease.
conclusionsSuboptimal CVH correlated with increased odds of several major eye diseases in adults aged 40 years or older, highlighting the potential value of CVH optimization for reducing visual impairment burden in this population. Further investigation on the potential causality is warranted.
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