Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40684128›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2025

In vitro evaluation of tolerance ability of cross-kingdom biofilm towards oral dynamic fluctuations.

Yijun Li, Shan Huang, Jingyun Du, Jing Huang, Xiaojing Huang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. AJournal of bacteriology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yijun LiFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Shan HuangFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Jingyun DuFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Jing HuangFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Xiaojing HuangFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. hxiaoj@163.com.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China 2021J01802
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the resilience of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) cross-kingdom biofilms in response to environmental stresses. MATERIALS AND

methodsThe growth kinetics of S. mutans, C. albicans, and their co-culture in planktonic form were assessed using a BioScreen system. Biofilms were established on 96-well plates for a duration of 48 h, after which microbial counts were determined. The biofilms were then subjected to different stress conditions, including oxidative, acid, osmotic, and heat stress, for 2 h. The survival and structural integrity of the biofilms were evaluated through colony-forming unit (CFU) counting and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Additionally, the transcriptional levels of genes concerning matrix formation, acid tolerance, oxidative tolerance were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

resultsCo-culturing S. mutans and C. albicans resulted in an extended logarithmic growth phase compared to monocultures. Dual-species biofilm had higher microorganism counts after biofilm formation, displayed higher surviving cells, and a more complex structure after exposure to various stresses when compared to monospecies biofilm (p<0.05). The transcriptional levels of genes concerning matrix formation (gtfB, gtfC, ftf, bcr1, hwp1), acid tolerance (atpD, fabM, phr1), oxidative tolerance (nox, sodA, sod1, and trx1) were upregulated in dual-species biofilm (p<0.05).

conclusionsDual-species biofilm present higher tolerance to various stresses in the oral cavity. The upregulation of genes involved in matrix formation and stress tolerance may partially account for this increased resilience.

Indexed as

BiofilmsCandida albicansStreptococcus mutansCoculture TechniquesColony Count, MicrobialOxidative StressReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionStress, PhysiologicalCandida albicansDual-species biofilmStreptococcus mutansStress tolerance

Identifiers

PMID40684128
PMCPMC12276691

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.