Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40684060›Full record

ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2025

Disc Injury and Spine Loads in Low-to-Moderate-Severity Frontal Impacts.

Richard Kent, Jason Forman

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Richard KentCenter for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. rwk3c@virginia.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-4390
Jason FormanCenter for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8705-3997

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDetermine the cervical and lumbar spine forces and moments generated in belted occupants in frontal impacts up to 40-km/h change in velocity (

methodsLoads experienced by anthropomorphic test devices, human volunteers, and human cadavers were measured in 282 impact tests. Functions were developed to describe the expected loads as functions of

resultsThe functions confirm that the spinal loads are well below any established injury assessment reference value. Compressive loads are within the range of loads voluntarily tolerated during daily activities and well below the loads that have caused disc injuries in biomechanical studies.

conclusionThis study confirms the lack of a biomechanical foundation to assert specific causation when a belted occupant presents with isolated disc herniations, bulges, or extrusions through the annulus following a frontal impact under 40-km/h

Indexed as

Accidents, TrafficCervical VertebraeIntervertebral DiscLumbar VertebraeSpinal InjuriesAdultBiomechanical PhenomenaCadaverFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedWeight-BearingDisc injuryFrontal impactSpine injurySpine loads

Identifiers

PMID40684060
PMCPMC12457475

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.