ArticleScientific reports2025
Changes in antibiotic use associated with the National Centralized Drug Procurement policy in China from 2019 to 2023.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Contingent Payoff of Transparency: The Mediating Roles of Citizen Participation and Enforcement in Health Service Delivery Improvement.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study used prescription data from four medical institutions in representative cities in Central, Western and Eastern China, focusing on changes in antibiotic use under the National Centralized Drug Procurement Policy (NCDP) and calculating the contribution of NCDP and non-NCDP varieties to the changes. In outpatient settings, NCDP policy had little impact on the antibiotic prescription rate. Changes in antibiotic utilization rates were predominantly driven by non-NCDP varieties, particularly newer-generation antibiotics with enhanced therapeutic profiles. However, the policy more effectively facilitated the substitution of non-NCDP varieties with NCDP varieties in inpatient settings compared to outpatient settings. The overall and injectable antibiotic utilization rates remained within the specified range and continued to decline, although the downward trend was more gradual compared to the pre-intervention period. In conclusion, the substitution effect of NCDP varieties has affected antibiotic usage in inpatient settings, directly influencing both the overall antibiotic prescription rate and the prescription rate of injectable antibiotics. Therefore, for optimizing antibiotic stewardship under China's NCDP policy, regular monitoring and managing of antibiotics is essential to ensure the rational use of antibiotics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.