Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40683879›Full record

ArticleNPJ vaccines2025

A multi-antigen-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provides higher immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Marwa Alhashimi, Ekramy E Sayedahmed, Ahmed Elkashif, Shubhada K Chothe, Wen-Chien Wang, Muralimanohara S T Murala, Vivek Gairola, Nobuko Wakamatsu, Abhinay Gontu, Santhamani Ramasamy and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. PreclinicalFrontiers in immunology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Marwa Alhashimi *Department of Comparative Pathobiology, and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Ekramy E Sayedahmed *Department of Comparative Pathobiology, and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Ahmed Elkashif *Department of Comparative Pathobiology, and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Shubhada K Chothe *Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Wen-Chien WangDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Muralimanohara S T MuralaDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Vivek GairolaDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Nobuko WakamatsuDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Abhinay GontuHuck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Santhamani RamasamyDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Lindsey LaBellaDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Padmaja JakkaAnimal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Meera Surendran NairAnimal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Ruth H NisslyHuck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Suresh V KuchipudiDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. skuchipudi@Pitt.edu.
Suresh K MittalDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. mittal@purdue.edu.

Funding

Novel delivery platform and antigen design for an effective COVID-19 vaccineR01AI158177 · NIAID · PURDUE UNIVERSITY · PI MITTAL, SURESH K · 2020 to 2025
$3.9M
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AI158177NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI158177NIH HHS HHSN272201400008C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The emergence of divergent SARS-CoV-2 variants has significantly compromised the effectiveness of first-generation COVID-19 vaccines. We investigated a prime-boost approach using bovine adenoviral (Ad) [BAd] and human Ad (HAd) vectors expressing the spike (S), membrane (M), or nucleocapsid (N) with the autophagy-inducing peptide C5 (AIP-C5) for enhanced antigen-specific immunity. The combinational vaccine formulation expressing three antigens demonstrated markedly elevated antigen-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses compared to groups immunized with vectors expressing individual antigens. Furthermore, vaccinated animals exhibited 100% survival, significant reductions in lung viral titers, and no apparent signs of morbidity following challenges with Delta or Omicron variants in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Surprisingly, immunization with vectors expressing M and N resulted in immune suppression. However, including S with M and N overcomes this antagonistic interaction and significantly enhances immune responses and protection efficacy. Using the BAd vaccine platform in a multi-antigen approach complemented with AIP-C5 is a promising strategy for developing next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Identifiers

PMID40683879
PMCPMC12276352

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.