ArticleNucleic acids research2025
The structure, folding kinetics, and dynamics of long poly(UG) RNA.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sequence and ionic requirements of pUG fold quadruplexes.RNA biology · 2026Article
- Perspective - RNA Dynamics Today and Tomorrow.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Review
- TDP-43 controls RNA structure through high affinity lattice interactions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- G-Quadruplexes: Structural Diversity and Emerging Roles in Biomolecular Condensation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- MeCP2 NID interaction with RNA: implications for Rett syndrome-relevant protein regulation.Human molecular genetics · 2026Article
- PXL: a Nucleic Acid-Binding Module of Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- TDP-43 controls RNA structure through high affinity lattice interactions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Sequence and ionic requirements of pUG fold quadruplexes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Long poly(UG) or "pUG" dinucleotide repeats are abundant in eukaryotic transcriptomes. Over a thousand human genes have pUGs longer than 24 repeats, including the cancer-associated lncRNA NEAT1. In C. elegans, enzymatic addition of long pUGs to RNA 3' ends (pUG tails) marks RNAs as vectors of gene silencing. Gene silencing requires at least one pUG fold, a left-handed quadruplex structure that incorporates 12 repeats, but longer pUG tails are more effective. Here, we investigate the structure, folding kinetics and dynamics of long pUG RNAs. RNAs with 24 or more repeats slowly form compact, double pUG folds. The forward rate of pUG fold formation in vitro is length-dependent with a half-life (t1/2) of 13 min or more, while the unfolding rate is very slow (t1/2 ∼5 days). Long pUG RNAs display biphasic dynamics with an additional, faster unfolding phase (t1/2 ∼30 min). The amplitude of the faster phase indicates partial unfolding. From these data we propose a dynamic model for segmental register exchange and double pUG fold formation in long pUG RNAs. These data broaden our understanding of the structure and dynamics of long pUG RNAs and have implications for understanding the roles of pUG folds in biology and disease.
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