ArticleRheumatology and therapy2025
A Real-World Comparison of Clinical Effectiveness of Upadacitinib, Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors or Interleukin-17 Inhibitors in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis After Switching from an Initial Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Treatment.
Article in Rheumatology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Year in Review: Axial Spondyloarthritis.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Review
- Cycling or Swapping in Spondyloarthritis? Current Knowledge.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Review
- Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Upadacitinib in Tumor Necrosis FactorInhibitor Refractory Axial Spondyloarthritis: 52-Week Outcomes from a Single-Center Cohort.Archives of rheumatology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
introductionTumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) may have insufficient efficacy in 40% of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), leading to continued pain. We aimed to compare real-world effectiveness of switching from an initial TNFi to upadacitinib (TNFi-UPA), another TNFi (TNFi-TNFi), or an interleukin-17 inhibitor (TNFi-IL-17i) in patients with axSpA.
methodsData were drawn from the Adelphi Real World Spondyloarthritis Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional survey of physicians and their patients with axSpA in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, and the USA from March-November 2021 and June 2023-June 2024. Patients who switched treatment from an initial TNFi were stratified by subsequent therapy: TNFi-UPA, TNFi-TNFi, or TNFi-IL-17i. Physician-reported clinical outcomes including pain (rated 0-10) and number of joints affected by inflammation or stiffness (from 0 to 68) were evaluated ≥ 3 months from treatment switch. Differences in characteristics were adjusted at the point of switch via inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment to compare outcomes in separate analyses by subsequent class of therapy: TNFi-UPA versus TNFi-TNFi or TNFi-UPA versus TNFi-IL-17i.
resultsOverall, 310 physicians provided data for 557 patients; 108 were TNFi-UPA, 271 TNFi-TNFi, and 178 TNFi-IL-17i. A higher proportion of patients in the TNFi-UPA group achieved a ≥ 2 point and ≥ 33% reduction in pain than those in the TNFi-IL-17i (97.6% vs 86.4%; p = 0.002) or TNFi-TNFi (100.0% vs 80.1%; p < 0.001) groups. More patients achieved ≥ 50% reduction in pain in the TNFi-UPA group compared to TNFi-IL-17i (90.9% vs 74.0%; p = 0.004) or TNFi-TNFi (96.3% vs 72.3%; p = 0.024). More patients in the TNFi-UPA group had no affected joints than TNFi-IL-17i (93.1% vs 72.6%; p = 0.002) or TNFi-TNFi patients (100.0% vs 79.2%; p < 0.001).
conclusionThis real-world study demonstrated that more patients who switched from TNFi to UPA had improvements in pain and affected joints compared to those who switched to a second TNFi or IL-17i.
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