ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2025
Non-invasive assessment of free steroid hormones: development of a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for salivary steroid hormone quantification.
Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of the Salivary Progesterone-to-Estradiol Ratio with Threatened Miscarriage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Salivary Cortisone as a Potential Alternative to Cortisol in Periodontitis Severity Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Current insights into monitoring of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Steroid hormone concentrations reflect diverse physiological and pathological processes and have been recognized as valuable biomarkers for disease, with growing interest in their potential for patient stratification in precision medicine. Salivary steroid concentrations should reflect the free (biologically active) steroids in circulation, as steroids in the bloodstream passively diffuse to saliva. This allows for the direct measurement of free steroids without transporter protein-bound hormones (inactive form). However, implementation of salivary steroid quantification in larger studies remains limited by challenges associated with sample preparation. We began by reviewing the literature on relevant sample preparation approaches and identified commonly used 96-well solid phase extraction (SPE) methods for further evaluation. Three sample preparation methods were selected and assessed in terms of internal standard recovery and matrix effects, and their response was also compared using electrospray (ESI) versus UniSpray ionization (USI) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We demonstrate a sensitive and rapid high-throughput method with Oasis HLB µElution SPE of 200 μL saliva in 96-well format and USI-LC-MS/MS for major steroids (testosterone, androstenedione, cortisone, cortisol, and progesterone) in saliva. The method achieved optimal recovery (77%), matrix effects (33%), and sensitivity with detection limits (MDL) ranging between 1.1 and 3.0 pg/mL and linearity (r
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Registered trials
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