ArticleNature materials2025
Organic solar cells with 21% efficiency enabled by a hybrid interfacial layer with dual-component synergy.
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Article in Nature materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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47citing papers in PubMed
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47 citing papers in PubMed.
- Volatile Additives Engineering: A Trustworthy Morphology Control Strategy in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Precise End-Group Conjugated-Site Isomerization of Wing-Typed Dimeric Acceptors Enables 20.32% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Chalcogen heteroatom engineering of solid additives with optimized excited-state properties enables the development of high-performance organic solar cells.Chemical science · 2026Article
- Low energetic disorder molecules: A new paradigm for breaking the trade-off of voltage and current in organic solar cells.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Pyrazine-embedded N^N^N-chelating tetracoordinate organoboron polycyclic heteroaromatics with low-lying LUMO levels and near-infrared luminescence.Chemical science · 2026Article
- Burn-in-Loss-Free Organic Solar Cells With Over 2000 h of Thermal Stability Through Nitrone-Based Interface Passivation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Achieving Near 21% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells through Controlled Packing of Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Activating π-Electron Conjugated Networks of Self-Assembled Multilayers for 21.1% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Synergistically Enhancing Light Harvesting and Mechanical Flexibility for Ultra-Flexible Organic Biosensors.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Electrostatic Potential Tuning by Low-Volatility Halogenated Additive: Boosting PTQ10-Based Binary OPV to Near 20% Efficiency with High Scalability.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- 21.26% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Mixed Self-Assembled Multilayers.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Quinoxaline Terpolymer-Controlled Miscibility With Oligomeric Acceptors for Over 20% Efficiency, Highly Stable and Stretchable Polymer Solar Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- "Steric-Locking" Polymer Acceptor Enabled 20.53% Efficiency With Suppressed Energetic Disorder and Enhanced Mechanical Robustness in Green-Solvent Processed All-Polymer Solar Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Localized Potential Regulation on Polymer Donor Backbone Suppresses Energetic Disorder for Efficient, Stable and Scalable Organic Solar Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Synergistic Steric Hindrance and Chlorination Enable Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks as Charge Extraction Media Enabling Binary Organic Solar Cells With 20.70% Efficiency.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Kinetically templated fibrillar self-assembly via two-dimensional nanocrystals enables 21% efficient organic solar cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Simultaneously Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Ternary Organic Solar Cells via a Benzothiadiazole-Thieno[3,2-c]isochromene-Based Small-Molecule Donor in the PTB7-Th:PCMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integration of Metal-Organic Framework With Polymer Electrolyte Enables Efficient and Robust Organic Solar Cells.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- A >25 kDa Star-Shaped Dodecamer Acceptor as a Heterogeneous Nucleation Agent Enables 20.50%-Efficient Organic Solar Cells.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
29 authors.
Congqi Li *College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yunhao Cai *College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. caiyunhao@ucas.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-8822-655X
Pengfei Hu *School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-8609
Tao LiuSchool of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-1395-7286
Lei ZhuSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3971-0299
Rui ZengSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Fei HanSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Ming ZhangSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Meng ZhangCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jikai LvCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yuanxin MaBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Huairou Research Center, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Dexia HanSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Meng ZhangCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Qijie LinCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jingwen XuState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
Na YuCenter for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
Jiawei QiaoSchool of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Jiarui WangCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xin ZhangCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jianlong XiaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2714-0786
Zheng TangCenter for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0036-2362
Long YeSchool of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-0083
Xiaoyi LiCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Zihao XuBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Huairou Research Center, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-8533
Xiaotao HaoSchool of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-6545
Qian PengSchool of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Feng LiuSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-8512
Lin GuoSchool of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China. guolin@buaa.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-2384
Hui HuangCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. huihuang@ucas.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6102-2815
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 51532001National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 52103352National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 52120105006National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 52473200
Abstract
The cathode interfacial layer (CIL) critically influences electron extraction and charge recombination, thereby playing a pivotal role in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, most state-of-the-art CILs are constrained by limited conductivity, high recombination and poor morphology, which collectively hinder device efficiency and stability. Here we report an inorganic-organic hybrid CIL (AZnO-F3N), developed by a dual-component synergy strategy, which integrates organic material PNDIT-F3N with two-dimensional amorphous zinc oxide. This design leverages the synergistic interactions between two-dimensional amorphous zinc oxide and PNDIT-F3N, resulting in reduced interfacial defect, enhanced conductivity and improved film uniformity. OSCs incorporating the AZnO-F3N CIL exhibit more efficient charge extraction and transport, along with reduced recombination. Consequently, a D18:L8-BO-based binary OSC achieves an efficiency of 20.6%. The introduction of BTP-eC9 as the third component further elevates the efficiency to 21.0% (certified as 20.8%). Moreover, the CIL demonstrates versatility across various active layers, thick-film configuration and flexible devices, underscoring its great potential to advance OSC technology.
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