Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40681852›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Load-velocity relationship in the free-weight horizontal and incline bench press.

Diogo Luís Marques, Waleed Abohasel, Shaea Alkahtani, Mohammed Alsaeed, Norah K Algarzae, Henrique Pereira Neiva, Daniel Almeida Marinho, Mário Cardoso Marques

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Diogo Luís MarquesDepartment of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6200-001, Portugal.
Waleed AbohaselDepartment of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Shaea AlkahtaniDepartment of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. shalkahtani@ksu.edu.sa.
Mohammed AlsaeedDepartment of Biomechanics & Motor Behavior, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Norah K AlgarzaeDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Henrique Pereira NeivaDepartment of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6200-001, Portugal.
Daniel Almeida MarinhoDepartment of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6200-001, Portugal.
Mário Cardoso MarquesDepartment of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6200-001, Portugal. mariomarques@mariomarques.com.

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia BIPD/UTAD/7/2023Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia UIDB/04045/2020King Saud University, Ongoing Research Funding Program ORF-2025-203
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study compared (i) the load-velocity relationship in the free-weight horizontal (HBP) vs. incline bench press (IBP) and (ii) the differences between general vs. individual load-velocity equations to estimate the one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the HBP and IBP. Thirty males (26 ± 3 years) performed four sessions: two dedicated to assessing the 1RM in the HBP and IBP, and another two to measure the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) reached against loads of 40-90% 1RM in the HBP and IBP. Individual load-velocity equations estimated the MPV from 30 to 100% 1RM in the HBP and IBP and the 1RM in each exercise. Furthermore, general equations estimated the 1RM in each exercise. The estimated MPV values associated with 30-100% 1RM in the HBP and IBP were compared. The coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) determined the reliability between the actual and estimated 1RM in both exercises. The results showed higher MPV in the HBP than in the IBP from 30 to 80% 1RM (p < 0.001). General and individual equations provided acceptable estimates of the 1RM when using loads from 70 to 90% 1RM in the HBP and IBP (CV < 10% and ICC > 0.80) but not 40-60% 1RM (CV > 10% and ICC < 0.80). This study shows that the load-velocity relationship differs between HBP and IBP, with higher velocities reached in HBP. Furthermore, individual and general equations seem reliable in estimating the 1RM when using relative loads from 70 to 90% 1RM in the HBP and IBP.

Indexed as

Muscle, SkeletalResistance TrainingWeight LiftingAdultBiomechanical PhenomenaHumansMaleMuscle StrengthWeight-BearingYoung AdultMovement velocityResistance trainingStrengthUpper body

Identifiers

PMID40681852
PMCPMC12274453

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.