Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40681745›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Automating liver biopsy segmentation with a robust, open-source tool for pathology research: the HOTSPoT model.

Giorgio Cazzaniga, Vincenzo L'Imperio, Emanuela Bonoldi, María-Carlota Londoño, João Madaleno, Augusta Cipriano, Tom J G Gevers, Iryna V Samarska, Özgür M Koc, Alejandra Villamil and 12 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Giorgio CazzanigaDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Vincenzo L'ImperioDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Emanuela BonoldiU.O.C. Anatomia Patologica e Citogenetica, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
María-Carlota LondoñoLiver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de investigación biomédica en red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Barcelona, Spain.
João MadalenoLiver Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra - Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Coimbra, Portugal.
Augusta CiprianoPathology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra - Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Coimbra, Portugal.
Tom J G GeversDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Iryna V SamarskaDepartment of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Özgür M KocDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Alejandra VillamilHospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Maria Florencia SanchezHospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Vincenza CalvarusoSection of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Alberto QuattrocchiDipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), Palermo, Italy.
Daniela CabibiDipartimento Di Promozione Della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica Di Eccellenza (PROMISE), Palermo, Italy.
Bastian EngelDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases, Hannover, Germany.
Federica MalinvernoDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
Elisa MerelliDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Laura CristoferiDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
Marco CarboneDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Fabio PagniDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
Pietro InvernizziDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
Alessio GerussiDivision of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy. alessio.gerussi@unimib.it.

Funding

Fondazione Regionale per la Ricerca Biomedica Bando Giovani "Early Career Award" FRRB - CUP H53C24000630002 "AIVAR - Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Diagnosis of PBC-AIH Variant Syndrome.German Research Foundation PRACTIS - Clinician Scientist Program of Hannover Medical School DFG, ME 3696/3Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2023-2027 (l. 232/2016, art. 1, commi 314 - 337)Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca PNRR PE06 "HEAL ITALIA - Health Extended ALliance for Innovative Therapies, Advanced Lab-research and Integrated Approaches of Precision Medicine" - Spoke 4 - Precision Diagnostics
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence applications in liver pathology remain limited, with existing tools either narrowly focused or lacking external validation. This study introduces HOTSPoT, an open-source, validated transformer-based model for automated segmentation of portal tracts in H&E-stained liver biopsy whole slide images. A multi-institutional dataset of 223 cases was used, with annotations by expert hepatopathologists. HOTSPoT achieved high performance with mean Dice scores of 0.92 (train/val) and 0.91 (test), and mean IoUs of 0.86, 0.85, and 0.84, respectively, showing minimal domain shift. Automated portal tract quantification showed strong concordance with manual assessments (κ up to 0.90), and portal area correlated with fibrosis stage (r = 0.87, p < 0.001). The model is available as a TorchScript file with a modified WSInfer library, enabling efficient WSI-level inference and integration with QuPath for advanced pathology analysis.

Identifiers

PMID40681745
PMCPMC12274380

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.