Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40681552›Full record

ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2025

Identifying individuals at-risk of developing Parkinson's disease using a population-based recruitment strategy: The Healthy Brain Ageing Kassel Study.

Sebastian Schade, Soumyabrata Ghosh, Alicia Garrido, Philipp Mahlknecht, Tainá M Marques, Corinne G C Horlings, Sonja R Jónsdóttir, Elisabeth Lang, Claire Pauly, Kavita Rege and 12 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Sebastian SchadeParacelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany. sebastian.schade@pkd.de.
Soumyabrata GhoshLuxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Alicia GarridoParkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
Philipp MahlknechtDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Tainá M MarquesLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.
Corinne G C HorlingsDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Sonja R JónsdóttirLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.
Elisabeth LangParacelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
Claire PaulyLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.
Kavita RegeLuxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Susana SchnellParacelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
Maritta StarkeParacelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
Horst HakelbergParacelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
Eduardo TolosaParkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
Claudia TrenkwalderParacelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
Tamara WickeParacelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
Healthy Brain Ageing (HeBA) Consortium
Rejko KrügerLuxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Maria J MartiParkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
Werner PoeweDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Venkata P SatagopamLuxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Brit MollenhauerParacelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.

Funding

Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research MJFF-021923
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs before motor features develop: assessing risk factors and identifying prodromal markers is necessary to recruit prodromal cohorts, improve early diagnosis, and develop preventive therapies. As part of Healthy Brain Ageing (HeBA), we implemented a stepwise, population-based screening to identify people at high risk of developing PD. Residents (n = 158,818; 50-80 years) in and around Kassel, Germany were invited to complete an online survey with questions for prodromal symptoms and risk factors. An individual risk score was calculated (International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society criteria). Selected individuals received a smell test. 8001 of 8774 survey responses were valid; the response rate to the smell test mailings (n = 3021) was 90%. Hyposmic participants (n = 1019) had more subjective hyposmia and subjective memory impairment (p < 0.01). Follow-up visits will validate the recruitment strategy and monitor conversion to manifest PD. Our recruitment strategy identifies people who might be at risk for PD.

Identifiers

PMID40681552
PMCPMC12274381

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.