ArticleScience advances2025
A phylogenetic approach uncovers cryptic endogenous retrovirus subfamilies in the primate lineage.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- PervasivebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mix-and-match between transposable elements and zinc finger proteins fuels genic and regulatory innovation.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2025Review
- Article
- Divergent roles of DNA methylation, TRIM28, and p53 surveillance in human embryonic and trophoblast stem cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current approaches for classifying and annotating endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and their long terminal repeats (LTRs) have limited resolution and are inaccurate. Here, we developed an annotation approach based on phylogenetic analysis and cross-species conservation. Focusing on the evolutionarily young LTR subfamilies known as MER11A/B/C, we revealed the presence of four "new subfamilies," suggesting a new annotation for 412 (19.8%) of these repeat elements. We then validated their regulatory potential using a massively parallel reporter assay. We further identified motifs associated with their differential activities including an ape-specific gain of SOX-related motifs through a single-nucleotide deletion. By applying our approach across 53 simian-enriched LTR subfamilies, we defined 75 new subfamilies and found a novel annotation for a total of 3807 (30.0%) instances from 26 subfamilies. With this refined annotation of simian-enriched LTRs, it will be possible to better understand the evolution in primate genomes and potentially identify critical roles for ERVs and their LTRs in the hosts.
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