ArticlePloS one2025
Analysis of gunshot damage to the porcine femur in a human thigh model using 5.5 mm airgun pellet: 3D reconstruction of gunshot injuries.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Animal models in gunshot injury studies: A scoping review of model selection and quality assessment in ballistic research.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The performance of advanced air rifles available on the market is comparable to that of small-calibre firearms. The airgun market offers airgun pellets that vary in weight, shape, calibre and material. In view of the ease of airguns tuning, a study of the gunshot damage to the anterior surface of the porcine femoral shaft was carried out with shots fired from a 5.5 mm calibre air rifle. An original human thigh model using a pig femur embedded in ballistic gellatine was used in the study. Gunshot damage was inflicted by firing Haendler&Natterman Baracuda, HollowPoint, Spitzkugel and Excite Apollo 5.5 mm airgun pellets from an Air Arms s410 Hi-Power Xtra FAC 5.5 mm calibre PCP air rifle. Measurements of the velocity and impact energy of the pellets as well as the extent of the bone and periosteal entry damage were taken. Statistical analysis was used to identify differences between pellets with regard to dimensions of gunshot damage to the shafts of the femur. Selected models were subjected to CT imaging.
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Registered trials
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