Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40679748›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025

"They Showed Me How to Improve My Drawings and That Made Me Happy": A Realist Evaluation of a Digital Arts Multimedia Program for Autistic Adolescents.

Elinda Ai Lim Lee, Ben Milbourn, Bahareh Afsharnejad, Chiara Gizzi, Aiden Marinovich, Ashleigh Milne, Lara Zimmerman, Sonya Girdler

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Elinda Ai Lim LeeCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia. elinda.lee@curtin.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-0818
Ben MilbournCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3213-7987
Bahareh AfsharnejadCurtin Autism Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Chiara GizziCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Aiden MarinovichCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Ashleigh MilneCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Lara ZimmermanCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Sonya GirdlerCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of strengths-based arts programs for autistic adolescents is not effectively described within current literature and is an emerging area of practice. This study explores the outcomes and essential components underpinning a digital arts multimedia program delivered to autistic adolescents. A realist evaluation framework was used to describe the impact and essential components of a strengths-based digital arts multimedia program for autistic adolescents. Twenty-eight autistic adolescents and their parents were recruited and participated in the program. Data were collected via ethnographic methods including participant observations and interviews. Data were analysed deductively using a context-mechanism-outcome thematic analysis framework. Findings identified needs and preferences, individuality, art mentor support and shared interests as components significantly influencing the effectiveness of the strengths-based digital arts program. Results highlighted the importance of understanding the personal factors of autistic adolescents and the mechanisms within the program in influencing the outcomes for participants. This study offers a preliminary framework for future programs, highlighting key components of strengths-based digital arts programs.

Indexed as

AdolescentsAutism spectrum disorderDigital artsInterestsMentorsStrengths-based program

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.