ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026
Therapeutic evaluation of paclitaxel co-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with imatinib, protamine-imatinib, and gefitinib: comparative in vitro studies in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and in vivo investigations in rats.
Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoplatforms for triple-negative breast cancer: current progress, advances, and future outlook.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current study investigates the therapeutic potential of paclitaxel (PX) co-loaded with imatinib (IMT), IMT with protamine (PT), and gefitinib (GF) nanoparticle (NP) formulations against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to overcome drug resistance. Building upon our previous work where the SR-F-I (PX-IMT-PLGA NPs), SR-F-I (coated) as PX-IMT-PT-PLGA-NPs, and SR-F-II (PX-GF-PLGA NPs) formulations were optimized and evaluated in both MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells, we extended our investigation to MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells and in vivo animal model. Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that SR-F formulations, especially SR-F-I (coated) and SR-F-II, significantly enhanced drug delivery and cell death compared to free PX and combination conventional drug solutions. Confocal imaging confirmed improved NP internalization, correlating with increased cytotoxic efficacy. In vivo, SR-F formulations exhibited reduced tumor growth volumes, lower prostaglandin-2 (PGs-2) levels, and diminished tumor markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α and breast cancer Antigen 15-3; CA 15-3), indicating reduced inflammation and tumor burden. Histopathological evaluations of SR-F formulations revealed improved tissue repair and organized fibrosis in mammary tissue. Our findings thus highlight the superior potential of co-loaded polymeric NPs in targeted cancer therapy, with an enhanced safety profile, therapeutic outcomes, and modulation of systemic inflammation. The co-loaded formulation of PX with IMT and GF presents a promising strategy for advancing breast cancer treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40679587What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.