Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40679527›Full record

ArticleBulletin of experimental biology and medicine2025

Differentiation of the Cytokine Profile Modified by SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus in an In Vitro Experiment.

N V Zaitseva, K G Starkova, O V Dolgikh, V B Alekseev

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In one paragraph

Article in Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

N V ZaitsevaFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Perm, Russia.
K G StarkovaFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Perm, Russia.
O V DolgikhFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Perm, Russia. oleg@fcrisk.ru.
V B AlekseevFederal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Perm, Russia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We compared changes in the expression of the cytokine profile modified by SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus in an in vitro experiment. A mixed population of immunocytes (T-helpers, B cells, NK cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and monocytes) was isolated from peripheral venous blood samples (n = 32) of conditionally healthy male donors aged 25-35 years. The modifying factors were recombinant adenovirus particles of 26 and 5 serotypes containing the gene encoding S protein of SARS-CoV-2, as well as vaccine antigens (hemagglutinins) of influenza virus type A (H1N1 and H2N3) and type B. Multidirectional changes in the cytokine production was revealed upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens: stimulation of the expression of IL-1β and IL-8 and suppression of the production of IL-4 and IL-6; changes in the expression of IL-8 and IL-6 were more pronounced after combined exposure (SARS-CoV-2 + influenza virus). Influenza virus antigens predominantly stimulated the expression (IL-8), while the maximum cytokine-producing effects were noted after combined exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus antigens. The obtained results extend the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. The modifications of the cytokine profile produced by the viruses and verified in vitro allow predicting and monitoring the course of diseases.

Indexed as

COVID-19CytokinesInfluenza, HumanSARS-CoV-2AdultAntigens, ViralHumansInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza B virusInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-4Interleukin-6Interleukin-8MaleAntigens, ViralCytokinesInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-4Interleukin-6Interleukin-8cytokinesinfluenza virusin vitro experimentSARS-CoV-2vaccine antigen

Identifiers

PMID40679527

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.