ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2025
Free water as a potential mediator linking basal ganglia peri-vascular spaces to white matter hyperintensities in cerebral small vessel disease.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early identification of vascular cognitive impairment from a multimodal perspective: a combined diagnosis from targeted cognitive assessments, imaging biomarkers, and molecular fluid biomarkers to ecological behavioral characteristics.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Free water in white matter links focal hemodynamic compromise to cognitive impairment in asymptomatic extracranial carotid artery stenosis.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Astrocyte-blood-brain barrier crosstalk in cerebral small vessel disease: linking barrier dysfunction to neurovascular failure.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Higher basal ganglia perivascular space burden is associated with reduced deep medullary vein visibility via free water accumulation in sporadic cerebral small vessel disease.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are common in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and have been linked to an increased risk of stroke and cognitive impairment. Emerging evidence suggests that perivascular spaces (PVS) and impaired interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage may contribute to WMH development. This study aimed to investigate the topographical association between PVS and WMH severity, and to explore whether ISF content, measured as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived free water (FW), mediates this relationship. Methods: We enrolled 125 patients with CSVD who underwent multimodal brain MRI. PVS burden was visually rated in the basal ganglia (BG PVS) and centrum semiovale (CS PVS). WMH volumes were segmented and normalized to intracranial volume. FW maps were generated from DTI using bi-tensor modeling. Results: Patients with high grade BG PVS exhibited significantly greater normalized WMH volumes compared to those without ( Conclusion: Our findings suggest a topographical specificity in the PVS-WMH relationship, with basal ganglia PVS playing a more critical role. Moreover, elevated ISF, as indicated by DTI-based FW, may be an important intermediary linking PVS enlargement to WMH burden, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of CSVD.
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