Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40678614›Full record

ArticleNature physics2025

Observation of Floquet states in graphene.

Marco Merboldt, Michael Schüler, David Schmitt, Jan Philipp Bange, Wiebke Bennecke, Karun Gadge, Klaus Pierz, Hans Werner Schumacher, Davood Momeni, Daniel Steil and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature physics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Optically Activated Superconductivity in MgBMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Floquet-Bloch valleytronics.Nature communications · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Marco Merboldt *I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8958-7711
Michael Schüler *PSI Center for Scientific Computing, Theory and Data, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7322-6367
David SchmittI. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Jan Philipp BangeI. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7355-8641
Wiebke BenneckeI. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9963-7527
Karun GadgeInstitut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0007-7175-0924
Klaus PierzPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6400-1799
Hans Werner SchumacherPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7100-682X
Davood MomeniPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8051-2011
Daniel SteilI. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7448-1167
Salvatore R ManmanaInstitut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4070-0576
Michael A SentefInstitute for Theoretical Physics and Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7946-0282
Marcel ReutzelI. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1085-2931
Stefan MathiasI. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1255-521X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Floquet engineering-the coherent dressing of matter via time-periodic perturbations-is a mechanism to realize and control emergent phases in materials out of equilibrium. However, its applicability to metallic quantum materials and semimetals such as graphene is an open question. The report of light-induced anomalous Hall effect in graphene remains debated, and a time-resolved photoemission experiment has suggested that Floquet effects might not be realizable in graphene and other semimetals with relatively short decoherence times. Here we provide direct spectroscopic evidence of Floquet effects in graphene through electronic structure measurements. We observe light-matter-dressed Dirac bands by measuring the contribution of Floquet sidebands, Volkov sidebands and their quantum path interference to graphene's photoemission spectrum. Our results demonstrate that Floquet engineering in graphene is possible, even though ultrafast decoherence processes occur on the timescale of a few tens of femtoseconds. Our approach offers a way to experimentally realize Floquet engineering strategies in metallic and semimetallic systems and for the coherent stabilization of light-induced states with potentially non-trivial topological properties.

Indexed as

Electronic properties and materials

Identifiers

PMID40678614
PMCPMC12263427

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.