ArticleIJID regions2025
Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants using genomic surveillance: insights from aircraft wastewater and nasal swabs at Kigali International Airport, Rwanda.
Article in IJID regions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Pathogen Detection in Wastewater in Africa, with Focus on Rwanda: Implications for Early Warning and Public Health Surveillance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- International Airport Wastewater as a Sentinel Site for Genomic Surveillance of Human Viruses and Bacteriophages.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence for Africa: bridge or barrier for infectious disease control?IJID regions · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: The growing threat of emerging infectious diseases necessitates proactive genomic surveillance, particularly, in regions with limited resources and low levels of existing reporting. This study highlights the implementation of a comprehensive genomic surveillance program at the Kigali International Airport and explores the utility of a dual-sample strategy leveraging environmental aircraft wastewater and pooled nasal swab sample types for comprehensive detection and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 lineages being imported into Rwanda. Methods: Using a combined pooled nasal swab and aircraft wastewater sampling approach resulted in complementary insights in terms of geographic coverage, positivity, and variant characterization. Results: Mutational profiling in source pooled nasal swabs and aircraft wastewater sample data revealed dynamic shifts in mutation prevalence that corresponded with global patterns. Emerging variant JN.1 was detected early in nasal swab data, demonstrating the power of using genomic surveillance as an early warning system. Conclusions: These results support the feasibility of pathogen surveillance in high-traffic settings and may help drive interest in expanding programs to include pathogens beyond SARS-CoV-2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.