Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40678274›Full record

ArticleIEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement2024

Multimode Sensing by Optical Whispering-gallery-mode Barcodes: A New Route to Expand Dynamic Range for High-resolution Measurement.

Jie Liao, Lan Yang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Functionalized Optical Microcavities for Sensing Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Jie LiaoDepartment of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA.
Lan YangDepartment of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA.

Funding

Resonance enhanced CMOS sensors for high-throughput sensingR21EB030845 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI YANG, LAN, YU, ZONGFU · 2021 to 2023
$640k
NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB030845
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sensors play a vital role in detecting and quantifying various parameters relevant to the physical and biochemical aspects of the world. In the field of optical sensing, Whispering-Gallery-Mode (WGM) microresonators have emerged as promising candidates, offering the advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution, and small footprint. However, conventional sensing methods, which rely on tracking changes in a single mode, have a limited dynamic range of measurement. In this study, we develop a theoretical framework that offers comprehensive analytical insights for multimode-sensing techniques. We demonstrate an optical WGM barcode technique that enables simultaneous monitoring of the patterns of multiple modes that can provide over-FSR (Free spectral range) tracking with high resolution. By analyzing the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for resonance shift estimation, we assess the theoretical limits of measurement resolution and dynamic range, independent of specific sensing system and estimation algorithm. Comparative analysis of the CRBs for single-mode sensing and multimode sensing confirms the improvement in resolution and dynamic range achievable through the barcode technique based on the multimode spectrum. This work lays the foundation for developing a high-resolution sensor with superior sensitivity across a drastically expanded dynamic range.

Indexed as

Cramér-Rao boundMultimodeOptical barcodeResonatorsSensorsWhispering Gallery Modes

Identifiers

PMID40678274
PMCPMC12269905

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.