Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40677831›Full record

ArticleBiomedical optics express2025

Integrated visible-light optical coherence tomography and fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy to image retinal ganglion cell axons.

Tianyu Xu, Weijia Fan, Roman Kuranov, Junghun Kweon, Raymond Atkinson, Yang Hu, Cheng Sun, Hao F Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedical optics express, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. 100-degree Non-Contact Retinal Imaging in Mice Using a Multimodal Vis-OCT and SLO System.IEEE photonics technology letters : a publication of the IEEE Laser and Electro-optics Society · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tianyu XuDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
Weijia FanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
Roman KuranovDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
Junghun KweonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
Raymond AtkinsonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
Yang HuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA.
Cheng SunDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
Hao F ZhangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5089-1196

Funding

Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey L Goldberg · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
Elucidating Neuron-Intrinsic Molecular Mechanisms of Optic Nerve RegenerationR01EY024932 · NEI · TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH · PI Yang Hu · 2015 to 2026
$4.8M
Clinical glaucoma management enabled by visible-light OCTU01EY033001 · NEI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · PI SCHUMAN, JOEL S, ZHANG, HAO F · 2021 to 2025
$3.2M
In Vivo Function and Metabolism Evaluation of Glaucomatous RGCs by Two-Photon Scanning Laser OphthalmologyR01EY034353 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Yang Hu, Hao F Zhang · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
Optineurin dysfunction induces neurodegeneration in normal tension glaucoma by a novel molecular mechanismR01EY032518 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Yang Hu · 2022 to 2026
$2.7M
Novel ocular imaging and molecular analysis of anterior eye segment for glaucomaR01EY034740 · NEI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Tsutomu Kume, Hao F Zhang · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877NEI NIH HHS R01 EY024932NEI NIH HHS R01 EY032518NEI NIH HHS R01 EY034353NEI NIH HHS R01 EY034740NEI NIH HHS U01 EY033001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) soma and axonal damage is a hallmark of optic neuropathies. Visible-light OCT fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) enables non-invasive imaging and quantitative assessment of individual RGC axon bundles; however, validating vis-OCTF using confocal fluorescence imaging of flat-mounted postmortem retina is less accurate due to structural alterations caused by flat-mount preparation and cannot be performed longitudinally. For in vivo vis-OCTF validation, we developed an integrated visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) and fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) system. The vis-OCT had a 100 nm bandwidth with a center wavelength of 560 nm, offering an axial resolution of 1.3 µm in the retina. The lateral resolutions of vis-OCT and SLO were 4 µm and 3.5 µm, respectively. In the transgenic Eno2-YFP mice, we showed that vis-OCTF and SLO provide consistent RGC axon bundle imaging results. Measuring 30 axon bundle widths from six mice yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.991 between SLO and vis-OCTF. Thus, the combined SLO and vis-OCT can potentially achieve multimodal longitudinal in vivo studies of RGC pathologies.

Identifiers

PMID40677831
PMCPMC12265446

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.