ArticleBiomedical optics express2025
Reconfigurable hardware-accelerated, multi-channel, adaptive temperature control platform of VCSELs for high-density fNIRS/DOT.
Article in Biomedical optics express, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and its advanced offshoot - diffuse optical tomography (DOT) are promising non-invasive neuroimaging techniques. The advancement of next-generation high-density fNIRS/DOT systems, particularly high-density wearable systems, requires compact light source arrays with high wavelength tuning precision and fine modulation capabilities. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as a strong candidate for this purpose. However, VCSELs' performance is highly sensitive to temperature variations, where heating effects induce wavelength shifts and output power fluctuations, leading to measurement drift and reduced accuracy in fNIRS/DOT data. Conventional multi-channel VCSEL temperature control methods face constraints due to limited computational resources and poor scalability. To address these limitations, we propose a reconfigurable hardware-accelerated temperature control platform based on the heterogeneous ZYNQ-7000 Field-programmable Gate Array (FPGA). By integrating a real-time proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm into the programmable logic (PL), the platform achieves precise temperature regulation with an error margin of ±0.01 °C. Experimental validation demonstrates the encouraging capability of this proposed platform to regulate the temperature of over 100 VCSELs simultaneously while maintaining low resource utilization, ensuring efficient parallel control with large channel counts in real-time. The proposed reconfigurable architecture significantly enhances the reliability and scalability of VCSEL-driven fNIRS/DOT systems while maintaining sufficient resources for future implementations of extra functions. This platform not only improves the thermal stability of VCSELs-based wearable high-density fNIRS/DOT devices but also establishes a robust thermal-control framework for broader applications requiring high-density, thermally stable light source configurations.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.