Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40677701›Full record

ArticleBrain communications2025

Beta burst-driven adaptive deep brain stimulation for gait impairment and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.

Kevin B Wilkins, Matthew N Petrucci, Emilia F Lambert, Jillian A Melbourne, Aryaman S Gala, Pranav Akella, Laura Parisi, Chuyi Cui, Yasmine M Kehnemouyi, Shannon L Hoffman and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: Navigating the Roadblocks to Clinical Implementation.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. What is new in Freezing of Gait?Journal of neurology · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Low-Frequency Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Closing the loop in DBS: A data-driven approach.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Kevin B WilkinsDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5907-4029
Matthew N PetrucciDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3353-2532
Emilia F LambertDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Jillian A MelbourneDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Aryaman S GalaDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Pranav AkellaDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Laura ParisiDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Chuyi CuiDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Yasmine M KehnemouyiDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-5198
Shannon L HoffmanDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Sudeep AdithamDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Cameron DiepDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Hannah J DorrisDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Jordan E ParkerDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Jeffrey A HerronDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Helen M Bronte-StewartDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.

Funding

Bilateral Closed Loop Deep Brain Stimulation for Freezing of Gait using Neural and Kinematic FeedbackUH3NS107709 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BRONTE-STEWART, HELEN · 2019 to 2023
$6.1M
Accelerating Dissemination of Implantable Neurotechnology for Clinical ResearchU24NS113637 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BORTON, DAVID ALLENSON, DENISON, TIMOTHY · 2020 to 2024
$4.4M
Neurostimulation of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert for the Cognitive-Motor Syndrome in Parkinson's DiseaseUH3NS128150 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Helen Bronte-Stewart · 2024 to 2026
$3.6M
NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS113637NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS107709NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS128150
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Freezing of gait is a debilitating symptom of Parkinson's disease that is often refractory to medication. Prolonged beta bursts within the subthalamic nucleus are associated with worse impairment and freezing, which are improved with deep brain stimulation. The goal of the study was to investigate the feasibility, safety and tolerability of beta burst-driven adaptive deep brain stimulation for gait impairment and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Seven individuals with Parkinson's disease were implanted with the investigational Summit™ RC + S deep brain stimulation system (Medtronic, PLC, Dublin, Ireland). A PC-in-the-loop architecture adjusted stimulation in real-time based on beta burst durations in the subthalamic nucleus. A rigorous calibration procedure was employed to find participant-specific adaptive deep brain stimulation parameters. In a double-blind design, participants performed a harnessed stepping-in-place task, a free walking turning and barrier course, instrumented measures of bradykinesia and clinical motor assessments in four conditions: OFF stimulation, on adaptive, continuous or randomly adapting deep brain stimulation. Adaptive deep brain stimulation was successfully implemented and deemed safe and tolerable in all participants. Gait metrics such as overall percent time freezing and mean peak shank angular velocity improved on adaptive deep brain stimulation compared to OFF and showed similar efficacy as continuous deep brain stimulation. Similar improvements were also seen for overall clinical motor impairment, including tremor and quantitative metrics of bradykinesia. The current pilot study demonstrated initial safety, tolerability, and feasibility of adaptive deep brain stimulation for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease in the acute laboratory setting, supporting the future investigation of its longer-term efficacy in the at-home setting.

Indexed as

basal gangliaclosed loopkinematicslocal field potentialsubthalamic nucleus

Identifiers

PMID40677701
PMCPMC12268161

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.