ReviewCureus2025
Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Catecholamine-Refractory Shock: A Narrative Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Septic Shock and Prognosis in Dogs and Cats With Sepsis-Consensus Definition and Clinical Criteria.Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)Pooled it
- VA-ECMO and HIET for toxic cardiogenic shock in an elderly patient following severe poly-intoxication: A case report.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- [Vasopressors in septic shock: the old and the new].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2026Review
- Managing sepsis in the era of precision medicine: a narrative review.Acute and critical care · 2026Article
- Comparison of norepinephrine with a combined non-catecholaminergic therapy in a porcine model of refractory cardiac arrest resuscitated with VA-ECMO.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Vasopressor Requirements after Initiation of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Shock, characterized by severe hemodynamic failure and tissue hypoperfusion, is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate recognition and adequate treatment. Some patients exhibit a poor response to catecholamines, progressing to refractory shock, and have a high mortality risk. We aimed to review the characteristics of patients associated with the development of refractory shock and to evaluate proposed strategies for improving prognosis. Refractory shock remains poorly defined due to unclear pathophysiology. The failure of mitochondria to produce energy, neurohormonal dysregulation, adrenergic receptor desensitisation, and inflammatory vasodilation all contribute to this condition. Prompt recognition of at-risk patients is essential and may be supported by clinical signs, vasopressor load, and biomarkers such as lactate and base excess. Multimodal strategies, which combine vasopressors with complementary mechanisms, corticosteroids, and metabolic support, present a promising approach to enhance outcomes. Further research is required to refine shock phenotyping and guide personalised therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.