Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40677434›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Effect of Blood Pressure Control on Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.

Anas E Ahmed, Khaled W Halawany, Faizah S Alyahyawi, Abdullah H Khormi, Hussain M AlQibti, Othman M Saifain, Talal M Alqarni, Jana S Alqurashi, Rose M Alabdali, Shoog T Alowaimer

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Anas E AhmedCommunity Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Khaled W HalawanyPharmacy, Armed Forces Hospital, Wadi Al Dawasir, Riyadh, SAU.
Faizah S AlyahyawiInternal Medicine, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, SAU.
Abdullah H KhormiInternal Medicine, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, SAU.
Hussain M AlQibtiInternal Medicine, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, SAU.
Othman M SaifainInternal Medicine, King Fahad Central Hospital, Bisha, SAU.
Talal M AlqarniCollege of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, SAU.
Jana S AlqurashiCollege of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU.
Rose M AlabdaliCollege of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU.
Shoog T AlowaimerCollege of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with hypertension, common in this population, contributing significantly to vascular damage and cardiovascular risk. This systematic review evaluates the impact of blood pressure (BP) control on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with CKD. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, and Web of Science up to May 5, 2025, identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective comparative studies assessing BP interventions and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD populations. Methodological quality was appraised using the Modified Downs and Black checklist. Of the 11,606 studies screened, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included intensive BP targets, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and antioxidant therapies. Most studies reported significant reductions in cardiovascular events, particularly with intensive BP control, though risks such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and hyperkalemia were noted. Nutraceuticals showed potential for anti-inflammatory and BP-lowering benefits. Overall, the methodological quality was high, with most studies rated as good to excellent. Targeted BP control appears to significantly reduce cardiovascular risk in CKD patients; however, individualized treatment strategies are essential to minimize adverse renal outcomes. While the evidence supports the cardiovascular benefits of BP management in this population, further research is needed to optimize intervention strategies and define safety thresholds.

Indexed as

acute kidney injuryantioxidant therapyblood pressure controlcardiovascular diseasecardiovascular outcomeschronic kidney diseasehypertensionnutraceuticalsrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockerssodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40677434
PMCPMC12270503

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.