ArticleKidney international reports2025
Furosemide and Serum Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin Concentrations in Patients With CKD.
Article in Kidney international reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictive value of kynurenine pathway metabolites in patients with diabetic kidney disease.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Furosemide and the Symptom Burden: The Potential Mediating Role of Uremic Toxins in Patients with CKD.Toxins · 2025Article
- Response to the Letter to the Editor Entitled "Optimizing Furosemide Use in Advanced CKD: Balancing Risks and Benefits".Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Optimizing Furosemide Use in Advanced CKD: Balancing Risks and Benefits.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Furosemide, an Old Friend of Nephrologists for the Treatment of CKD: Time to Rethink the Relationship?Kidney international reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Furosemide is commonly prescribed to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but may impair the kidney's excretion of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) via the organic anion transporters 1 and 3 (OAT1 and OAT3). We evaluated the association between furosemide prescription (status and dose level) and the serum concentrations of free OAT1/3-inhibiting uremic toxins (UTs) in patients with CKD. Methods: We included 2342 patients with CKD (stages 2-5) from the CKD-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (CKD-REIN) cohort and with centralized serum UT assay data at baseline. The UTs were assayed using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. The OAT1/3-inhibiting UTs identified in a literature review included indoxyl sulphate (IS), kynurenine (Kyn), p-cresyl sulphate (PCS), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Multiple linear regression was used to assess each PBUT or their sum ( Results: Patients prescribed furosemide ( Conclusion: In patients with CKD, furosemide (particularly at a dose level > 120 mg) is independently associated with higher serum free PBUT concentrations. Our findings suggest that drug-UT competition contributes to PBUT accumulation.
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